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Sophisticated analysis on Georgian regulatory frameworks, business law updates, and strategic guidance for global investors.

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The Legal Framework for Squeeze-Outs in Georgia
  • Business Law

When a Shareholder Holds 95%: The Legal Framework for Squeeze-Outs in Georgia

When a shareholder holds at least 95% of the voting shares in a Georgian joint stock company, Georgian law allows that shareholder to initiate a squeeze-out procedure for the compulsory redemption of the remaining shares. However, reaching the 95% threshold does not automatically transfer ownership of the remaining shares. The

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EU crypto privacy coin ban 2027 under AMLR Article 79
  • Banking & Finance

EU Privacy Coin Ban 2027: What AMLR Article 79 Means for Crypto

The EU is banning regulated crypto exchanges from supporting privacy coins and anonymous accounts starting in July 2027. While self-custody wallets remain unaffected, major platforms are already removing these assets. Below is a breakdown of how the rule works and why non-EU investors need to prepare. EU Regulation 2024/1624: What

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EU Restricts Cross-Border Banking from Third Countries
  • Banking & Finance

EU Restricts Cross-Border Banking from Third Countries: What Changes from January 2027

The European Union is introducing new restrictions on cross-border banking and how banks from outside the EU can provide core banking services to EU residents. From January 2027, non-EU banks without an authorised EU branch will face limits on providing services such as deposit-taking, lending, and issuing guarantees on a

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დღგ საქართველოში
  • Tax Law

VAT in Georgia After EU Approximation: What Businesses Need to Know

A VAT invoice issued in Tbilisi today follows a logic largely written in Brussels, even though Georgia is not a member of the European Union. In 2014, Georgia signed an Association Agreement with the EU, committing to bring its legislation gradually into line with European law, including the common VAT

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  • Tax Law

Georgian Tax Residency Explained: The 183-Day Rule, HNWI Route and Tax Residency Certificate

Tax residency, not citizenship or a residence permit, determines whether worldwide income falls within Georgia’s tax net. Under Article 34 of the Tax Code of Georgia, residency turns on physical presence, unless the High-Net-Worth Individual (HNWI) route applies. Anyone relocating, investing, or claiming treaty benefits should understand both before assuming

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  • Business Law

Mandatory DPOs in Georgia: When Must You Appoint One?

Under the Law of Georgia on Personal Data Protection, appointing a Data Protection Officer is not optional for every business, but for some it is a firm legal obligation, and getting the analysis wrong carries real regulatory risk. The question is not whether you process personal data, but whether you

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  • Business Law

Georgia’s IT Tax Incentives Explained: Virtual Zone Person vs International Company Status

Georgia offers two preferential regimes to technology companies: Virtual Zone Person (VZP) status and International Company (IC) status. Both can substantially lower tax exposure. Neither is a formality, and choosing the wrong one, or holding the right one without real substance behind it, is where the risk sits. Two Regimes,

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  • Dispute Resolution

DISPUTES 101: What It Takes to Prove a Contract Was a Sham in Georgia

A signed contract carries weight – but not immunity. Georgian courts will not simply enforce whatever a document says; they can, and regularly do, look past the label to ask what the parties actually intended. For businesses financing deals, structuring share transfers, or unwinding a failed arrangement, understanding how that

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  • Dispute Resolution

DISPUTES 101: Procedural Rights and Legal Representation in Georgian Courts

The most expensive mistake in civil litigation is rarely about the merits. It is about process. Who decides whether a claim can be amended? What authority does a representative actually need to settle a case? And why can not every lawyer appear before Georgia’s highest courts? These questions, deceptively technical

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